Generally speaking, they cannot, with the exception of judicial reviews of the compliance of referendums and texts adopted by referendum with higher-ranking legislation. The matter may be referred to a court by an executive organ; in France, for instance, the central government representative can apply to the Administrative Court for preliminary or ex post facto review. In “the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia”, the central government representative can suspend the application of any municipal regulation on grounds of unconstitutionality or illegality, but must then refer the matter to the Constitutional Court. In Estonia, such matters may be referred to a court by district governors; in Malta, by the Attorney-General.