Home > 4.1.2 Upper house > Report on Term-Limits Part II - Members of Parliament- Part III - Representatives elected at Sub-national and Local Level and Executive Officials electred at Sub-national and Local Level
 
 
 
Download file    
 
 
Paragraph 53
 

Term limits may also increase the influence of party leaderships. The dependence of MPs on party leadership, which distances the represented from their representatives, becomes inevitable when the leadership is responsible not only for choosing the candidates, but also for accommodating them after the term expires. Political parties then become dominant in every political decision. Bureaucracy is an important part of democracy but only as complementary to (not as a substitute for) political representation. Strong party headquarters turn the very parties into a bureaucracy. To avoid such an effect it is important to guarantee the independence of the elected representatives. The pressure of the realities in parliament to form groupings of MPs should suffice to guarantee for the maintenance of parties under normal circumstances. The limitation of the number of terms of office for those who are determined to stay in politics seriously diminishes their level of independence.