As explained above, the Senate will only be construed “after appropriate conditions have been created throughout the territory of Georgia” and its operation is delayed sine die in Article 4 of the Constitution and Article 37(1) of the draft amendments. The absence of a functional Senate which could counter-balance the lower Chamber’s powers, is coupled with the lack of any prospect in the constitutional amendments of setting up -by a transitional provision- of a temporary substitute for the Senate (or the creation of a Senate without full composition), including in its composition representatives of territorial units of Georgia. Although the Venice Commission is aware of the difficulties encountered by Georgia in setting-up the upper chamber of the Parliament at the present stage, this situation leaves the country with a constitutional system where the main counter-balance to a strong government with an overwhelming parliamentary majority is the Office of the President, through the exercise of his/her supra partes powers.